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Neither option is automatically the responsible one — it depends on age, repair frequency, and what an inspection actually finds.
Most AC systems last roughly 12–15 years and furnaces roughly 15–20, depending on maintenance and usage. A system near or past that range is a different conversation than one a few years old with an isolated issue.
A commonly used rule of thumb is that if a repair costs more than roughly half of what a new system would cost — multiplied by the system's age in years, divided by its expected lifespan — replacement often makes more financial sense. It's a rough guide, not a hard rule, but it's a useful way to frame the conversation.
An older system that technically still works may be costing meaningfully more to run than a newer one would — a technician can help estimate the realistic difference for a specific home.
A working system today doesn't mean nothing else is close to failing — corrosion, refrigerant type (older R-22 systems can be costly to keep charged), and component wear all factor into a clear-eyed replace-or-repair recommendation.
A near-term sale, a long-term hold, or an upcoming renovation can all reasonably factor into the decision alongside the system's physical condition.